“蚕保一号”防治蚕病药效试验

新研制的防治细菌性疾病的蚕药“蚕保一号”为液体制剂,成品加水稀释给蚕添食可防治蚕病。试验表明：给蚕添食１０００ｍｇ／Ｌ的“蚕保一号”水剂,治疗细菌性疾病效果达９５％以上;一次性给蚕预服５００ｍｇ／Ｌ“蚕保一号”２～４ｈ后,预防细菌性蚕病效果平均为６０％以上。蚕期使用,对蚕的生理以及茧质无不良影响。     

志贺氏菌的耐药性研究及防治对策

志贺氏菌能感染雏鸡，主要引起雏鸡拉脓血样粪便，该菌耐药性在兽医领域报道较少，本试验通过药敏试验，试管二倍稀释法测定三代头孢抗生素诱导志贺氏菌后可产生多重耐药性。     

新蚕药添食对防治家蚕病的效果比较

本试验用新药蚕用脓病清，蚕用抗菌素九0一九和常用氯霉素分别给家蚕添食，结果表明，经添食上述药物后，蚕期病死蚕数，死笼率明显低于对照区，虫蛹统一生命率显高于对照区。说明三种蚕药对蚕病的发生均起到较好的防治作用，但以添食氯霉素的效果最好。     

兽用喹诺酮类药物发展动态

综述了兽用喹诺酮类药物—包括国内外已上市的、尚在开发中的以及人用药可转化为兽用药三个部分的品种,并对在我国尚未上市的兽用喹诺酮类药物的药理作用及用途作了简介。     

不同药物及给药途径对仔猪白痢治疗效果的影响

选择自然感染大肠杆菌、拉白色或灰白色稀粪的哺乳仔猪(要求无弱仔和其他疾病)195头为试验动物,以每窝仔猪为单位,随机分成两大组(每组设5个试验组),给药途径选用肌肉注射和后海穴注射药物;观测三九克痢注射液、氟哌酸注射液、恩诺沙星注射液、痢菌净、链霉素等5种药物对仔猪白痢治疗效果的影响。结果表明,肌注的5个实验组即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组总有效率分别是75.0%、72.7%、58.8%、68.4%和52.9%(P﹤0.05),穴注的五个实验组即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组总有效率分别是77.3%、72.0%、66.7%、73.7%和62.5%(P﹤0.05);肌注组的总有效率66.3%、穴注组的总有效率71.0%。结果表明,三九克痢的疗效与安全性都是最好的;其次是恩诺沙星;后海穴注射药物的疗效更好。     

不同中西药方剂治疗猪附红细胞体病的效果试验

配制三种浓度的血虫净、盐酸土霉素、中药制剂及其两两相互组合三个复方共 1 2种药物方剂组 ,对猪附红细胞体病的病例进行治疗试验。结果表明 ,血虫净 中药制剂组疗效最佳 ,经治疗 6d后红细胞感染率显著低于其他组( P <0 .0 5或 P <0 .0 1 ) ,且死亡率为零 ,治疗愈率达到 1 0 0 % ;中药制剂组红细胞感染率、死亡率显著高于其余组 ( P <0 .0 5或 P <0 .0 1 ) ,而治愈率、有效率低于其余组。证明中草药与西药合用有协同增效作用。     

Ibuprofen Ingestion in Ferrets: 43 Cases January 1995–March 2000)

Objective: To summarize typical clinical signs, characterize the anticipated course of action, and give treatment recommendations for ibuprofen ingestion in ferrets.
Design: Retrospective study
Patients: Records of 43 cases of ibuprofen ingestion in ferrets that were reported between January 1996-March 2000, to the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center (APCC).
Measurements and Main Results: Twenty-seven (93.1%) ferrets that had ingested ibuprofen developed neurologic signs, such as depression, coma, ataxia, recumbency, tremors, and weakness. In addition, 16 cases (55.2%) had one or more GI effects including anorexia, vomiting, retching or gagging, diarrhea, and melena. Polydipsia, polyuria, dysuria, renal failure, weight loss, shallow breathing, metabolic acidosis, dehydration, and hypothermia were also reported. Death was reported in 4 cases. The lowest dose associated with death was 220 mg/kg.
Conclusion: Data in this study indicate that clinical signs of ibuprofen toxicosis in ferrets are more severe than those expected at similar dosages in dogs. The reason for this difference is poorly understood since the pathophysiology of ibuprofen is relatively unknown in ferrets. The onset of clinical signs appeared to occurr soon after ingestion and the toxic effects in ferrets typically involve the CNS, GI and renal systems. Treatment for ibuprofen toxicosis in the ferret includes stabilization, gastrointestinal decontamination, fluid diuresis, GI protection, and supportive care.(J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(1):53–59)     

Strategies,Effectiveness and Rationale of Vector-borne Disease Control in the Pastoralist System of South-western Uganda

In Uganda, control of vector-borne diseases is mainly in form of vector control, and chemotherapy. There have been reports that acaricides are being misused in the pastoralist systems in Uganda. This is because of the belief by scientists that intensive application of acaricide is uneconomical and unsustainable particularly in the indigenous cattle. The objective of this study was to investigate the strategies, rationale and effectiveness of vector-borne disease control by pastoralists. To systematically carry out these investigations, a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used, in both the collection and the analysis of data. Cattle keepers were found to control tick-borne diseases (TBDs) mainly through spraying, in contrast with the control of trypanosomosis for which the main method of control was by chemotherapy. The majority of herders applied acaricides weekly and used an acaricide of lower strength than recommended by the manufacturers. They used very little acaricide wash, and spraying was preferred to dipping. Furthermore, pastoralists either treated sick animals themselves or did nothing at all, rather than using veterinary personnel. Oxytetracycline (OTC) was the drug commonly used in the treatment of TBDs. Nevertheless, although pastoralists may not have been following recommended practices in their control of ticks and tick-borne diseases, they were neither wasteful nor uneconomical and their methods appeared to be effective. Trypanosomosis was not a problem either in Sembabule or Mbarara district. Those who used trypanocides were found to use more drugs than were necessary.     

喹诺酮类抗菌药物在水产养殖中的应用进展

喹诺酮类抗菌药物抗菌谱广、抗菌力强、安全性高、价格低廉,已被广泛应用于水产养殖动物细菌性感染症的防治中。为使养殖鱼类及水生动物细菌性疾病能够有效、迅速地得到治疗,并且在治疗后避免药物残留等问题出现,笔者对喹诺酮类抗菌药物在水产养殖中的应用进展及其药物代谢研究概况进行了综述,并展望了其发展前景。     

海洋药物新技术研究进展

近年来生物研究技术的发展,为开发海洋药物提供了新的方法、思路和方向。介绍了海洋药物研究的新技术,包括生物筛选技术、多肽固相合成法、超临界流体色谱法生产技术,指出了海洋药物研究存在的问题,并对相关研究进行了展望。